ELITE Human Engineering

  Like many swiftly advancing technologies, such as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), the rate of mishaps and accidents can seem relatively elevated. Research indicates that various factors play a role in these drone-related accidents. These encompass human errors, technological anomalies leading to system glitches, and the loss of communication links (affected by environmental factors like interference, signal propagation, and ionosphere energy absorption), among others. Each of these challenges poses substantial risks not only to other aircraft operating in national airspace (NAS) but also to public safety at large.

 Automation Over the past few decades, automation has transcended its initial applications in manufacturing and extended its reach into sectors like healthcare, transportation, and agriculture. Robotics and autonomy have taken center stage in the development of automated and semi-automated systems, sparking concerns about the replacement of humans in the workforce and the symbiotic relationship between humans and machines in achieving shared objectives. Yet, the extensive use of autonomous functions in both crewed and uncrewed aircraft raises concerns about human operators' reliance on these systems. This dependency often leads to limited understanding of the system functions and reduced control over intervention points for human operators during certain processes.

  Effects on OVC Medication Drug usage can lead to drug abuse due to the development of tolerance and dependency. When person regularly use certain substances, the body can adapt, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effects. This escalating pattern, however,  can lead to dependence leading to the point where the individual feels they need the substance to function normally. In respect to a UAS operator, drug usage can significantly impact physiological functions critical for safe operation. Drugs that cause drowsiness, impaired judgment, or altered cognitive function can severely affect an operator's ability to make quick decisions, maintain focus, and react appropriately to changing situations. Moreover, substances that induce dizziness or blurred vision can compromise situational awareness, making it challenging to navigate the UAS safely. Consequently, drug usage among UAS operators can pose substantial risks, potentially endangering not only the operator but also ot...

  Risk Assessment/ Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) Before embarking on a flight, it is paramount for users of uncrewed aerial systems (UAS) to conduct a thorough risk analysis or Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) and to have a comprehensive grasp of local laws and regulations governing UAS operations in the area. While it is essential to be well-versed in federal regulations, understanding the specific rules at a local level is equally crucial. For example, pilots operating under Part 107 have the opportunity to seek waivers for activities outside its scope, such as flying over people, conducting night flights, or operating from a moving vehicle. They can also pursue authorizations to operate within controlled airspaces. However, it is important to note that local law enforcement may consider UAS operations hazardous if they impede the duties of officers. Therefore, the pilot must evaluate potential risks before initiating the mission, taking into account any factors that could...

  Urban Air Mobility  Urban Air Mobility (UAM) represents a cutting-edge approach that leverages advanced technologies, prioritizing noise reduction and utilizing both manned and unmanned vehicles for on-demand and scheduled operations. While numerous aircraft manufacturers and startups have made significant strides in developing and even testing their vehicles, there remain substantial challenges in seamlessly and safely integrating these innovative machines into the complex framework of national airspace (NAS). This requires careful consideration of regulatory and operational aspects to ensure a smooth and efficient transition. The figure below illustrates the concept of UAM, left side Eve Embraer and Zanite concept vehicle while on the right.